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Install Kubernetes on Ubuntu

  Introduction

Kubernetes is an open-source container-orchestration system for automating computer application deployment, scaling, and management.

in this post we will install Kubernetes on Ubuntu 18.04.

Prerequisites

·        2 or more Linux servers running Ubuntu 18.04

·        sudo or root access

·        Command-line/terminal window (Ctrl–Alt–T)

Steps to Install Kubernetes on Ubuntu

Set up Docker

Step 1: Install Docker

Kubernetes requires Docker to run its container.  follow below steps to install docker before we starts kubernetes.

If you already have docker installed on your machines then skip this part and start from step2

1. Update the package with below command:

sudo apt-get update

2. Install Docker

sudo apt-get install docker.io

3. if you have more than two nodes then install it on all the nodes with above commands

4. after successfully installation of docker verify it with below command.

docker ––version

Step 2: Start and Enable Docker

1. Set Docker to launch at boot by using below command:

sudo systemctl enable docker

2. Verify Docker is running:

sudo systemctl status docker

To start Docker if it’s not running:

sudo systemctl start docker

3. Repeat on all the other nodes.

Install Kubernetes

Step 3: Add Kubernetes Signing Key

As you are downloading the kubernetes from non standard repo, it is necessary to ensure that the software is veritable

1. Enter the following to add a signing key:

curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add

if you face curl is not installed then use below command to install it.

sudo apt-get install curl

2.  Repeat point #1 on all server.

Step 4: Add Software Repositories

kubernetes will not included in default repo. to add it to the default repo use below command.

sudo apt-add-repository "deb http://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main"

Repeat on each server node.

Step 5: Kubernetes Installation Tools

Kubeadm (Kubernetes Admin) is a tool that helps initialize a cluster. It fast-tracks setup by using community-sourced best practices. Kubelet is the work package, which runs on every node and starts containers. The tool gives you command-line access to clusters.

1. Install Kubernetes tools by using below command:

sudo apt-get install kubeadm kubelet kubectl

sudo apt-mark hold kubeadm kubelet kubectl

wait untill process get completes.

2. Verify the installation with:

kubeadm version

3. Repeat for each server node.

Kubernetes Deployment

Step 6: Begin Kubernetes Deployment

Step 7: Assign Unique Hostname for Each Server Node 

use below commands to set hostname so that it will be easy to understand and differentiate between master and worker nodes.

assign the unique hostname to each node.

sudo hostnamectl set-hostname master-node

Next, set a worker node hostname by entering the following on the worker server:

sudo hostnamectl set-hostname worker01

Step 8: Initialize Kubernetes on Master Node

login to the master node and enter below command.

sudo kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

once command runs successfully it will give you message at the end. make a note of the complete entry, it will be used to join the worked nodes to cluster.

Next, use below commands to create a directory for the cluster:

kubernetes-master:~$ mkdir -p $HOME/.kube

kubernetes-master:~$ sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config

kubernetes-master:~$ sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Step 9: Deploy Pod Network to Cluster

A Pod Network is a way to allow communication between nodes in the cluster. 

we are using the flannel virtual network in our installation

Enter the following:

sudo kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

Allow the process to complete.

Verify that everything is running and communicating:

kubectl get pods --all-namespaces

Step 10: Join Worker Node to Cluster

As indicated in Step 7, you can enter the kubeadm join command on each worker node to connect it to the cluster.

Switch to the worker01 system and enter the command you noted from Step 7:

kubeadm join --discovery-token abcdef.1234567890abcdef --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1234..cdef 1.2.3.4:6443

Replace the alphanumeric codes with those from your master server. Repeat for each worker node on the cluster. Wait a few minutes; then you can check the status of the nodes.

Switch to the master server, and enter:

kubectl get nodes

The system should display the worker nodes that you joined to the cluster.


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